مجله علمی  رایانش نرم و فناوری اطلاعات

مجله علمی رایانش نرم و فناوری اطلاعات

تشخیص شناسه خودرو با استفاده از ترکیب ماشین بردار پیشتیبان و شبکه عصبی همگشتی دروازه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی فارسی

نویسندگان
گروه کامپیوتر، واحد فومن و شفت ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، فومن، ایران.
چکیده
در طول زمان، پژوهش‌های متعددی برای خواندن شناسه‌ها و تشخیص پلاک خودرو انجام شده است. اما نکته قابل توجه در مطالعات قبلی این است که این تحقیقات معمولاً توانایی یادگیری ساختارهای پیچیده در تصاویر را با دقت بالا ندارند. به این منظور در این مقاله از ظرفیت‌های بالای شبکه‌های عصبی عمیق برای یادگیری شناسه‌های پلاک خودرو استفاده شده است. مدل پیشنهادی در این مقاله شامل دو مرحله اصلی: برجسته‌سازی پلاک خودرو و خواندن شناسه است. در مدل پیشنهادی، بمنظور انتخاب بهترین محدوده از شبکه SVM استفاده شده است. پس از شناسایی محدوده پلاک باید کاراکترهای آن تشخیص داده شود. در این مرحله از شبکه عصبی همگشتی دروازه‌ای استفاده خواهد شد. مدل پیشنهادی بر روی دو مجموعه داده FZU Cars و Stanford Cars مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته و نتایج حاصل از آزمایش‌ها نشان می‌دهند که این مدل نسبت به سایر روش‌های ارائه شده در هر دو مجموعه داده از دقت بالاتری برخوردار است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

[1] C.-H . Huang, Y. Sun, and C.-S. Fuh, "Vehicle License Plate Recognition With Deep Learning", in Technologies to Advance Automation in Forensic Science and Criminal Investigation. IGI Global. pp. 161-219, 2022.
[2] G. Kothai, et al., "An Efficient Deep Learning Approach for Automatic License Plate Detection with Novel Feature Extraction", Procedia Computer Science, Vol. 235, pp. 2822-2832, 2024
[3] J. Pirgazi, M.M. Pourhashem Kallehbasti, and A. Ghanbari Sorkhi, "An End-to-End Deep Learning Approach for Plate Recognition in Intelligent Transportation Systems", Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2022. 2022.
[4] W. Weihong, and T. Jiaoyang, "Research on license plate recognition algorithms based on deep learning in complex environment", IEEE Access, Vol. 8,  pp. 91661-91675, 2020
[5] Y. Zhang, Z. Wang, and J. Zhuang. "Efficient license plate recognition via holistic position attention", in Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 2021.
[6] Ramajo-Ballester, Á., J.M.A. Moreno, and A. de la Escalera Hueso, "Dual license plate recognition and visual features encoding for vehicle identification", Robotics and Autonomous Systems. Vol. 172, pp. 104608, 2024
[7] N. Mufti, and S.A.A. Shah, "Automatic number plate Recognition: A detailed survey of relevant algorithms", Sensors, Vol. 21, no. 9, pp. 3028, 2021.
[8] A.M. Syed, "Enhanced Number Plate Recognition for Restricted Area Access Control Using Deep Learning Models", EasyOCR Integration. 2024.
[9] R. Balia, et al. "A Deep Learning Solution for Integrated Traffic Control Through Automatic License Plate Recognition", in International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications. 2021. Springer.
[10] T. Vaiyapuri, et al., "Automatic vehicle license plate recognition using optimal deep learning model. Computers", Materials and Continua. Vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 1881-1897, 2021.
[11] V. Gnanaprakash, N. Kanthimathi, and N. Saranya, "Automatic number plate recognition using deep learning", in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2021. IOP Publishing.
[12] Z. Rao, et al., "License plate recognition system in unconstrained scenes via a new image correction scheme and improved CRNN", Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 243, pp. 122878, 2024.
[13] A. Kashyap, et al., "Automatic number plate recognition", in 2018 international conference on advances in computing, communication control and networking (ICACCCN). 2018. IEEE.
[14] N.N. Kyaw, G. Sinha, and K.L. Mon., "License plate recognition of Myanmar vehicle number plates a critical review", in 2018 IEEE 7th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE). 2018. IEEE.
[15] K. Deb, et al., "Optical Recognition of Vehicle license plates", in Proceedings of 2011 6th International Forum on Strategic Technology. 2011. IEEE.
[16] F. Wang, et al., "Fuzzy-based algorithm for color recognition of license plates", Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 1007-1020, 2008.
[17] S. Yu, et al., "A novel license plate location method based on wavelet transform and EMD analysis", Pattern Recognition, 48(1): pp. 114-125, 2015.
[18] E. Rashedi, and H. Nezamabadi-Pour, "A hierarchical algorithm for vehicle license plate localization", Multimedia Tools and Applications, Vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 2771-2790, 2018.
[19] S.-L. Chang, et al., "Automatic license plate recognition", IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems, Vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 42-53, 2004.
[20] Y. Nakagawa, and A. Rosenfeld, "Some experiments on variable thresholding. Pattern recognition", Vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 191-204, 1979
[21] T. Nukano, M. Fukumi, and M. Khalid. "Vehicle license plate character recognition by neural networks", in Proceedings of 2004 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2004. ISPACS 2004. 2004. IEEE.
[22] D. Llorens, et al., "Car license plates extraction and recognition based on connected components analysis and HMM decoding", in Iberian conference on pattern recognition and image analysis. 2005. Springer.
[23] I. Giannoukos, et al., "Operator context scanning to support high segmentation rates for real time license plate recognition", Pattern Recognition, Vol. 43, no. 11, pp. 3866-3878, 2010.
[24] T.D. Duan, et al., "Building an automatic vehicle license plate recognition system", in Proc. Int. Conf. Comput. Sci. RIVF. 2005.
[25] B. Shan.., "Vehicle License Plate Recognition Based on Text-line Construction and Multilevel RBF Neural Network", J. Comput. Vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 246-253, 2011
[26] C.A. Rahman, W. Badawy, and A. Radmanesh., "A real time vehicle's license plate recognition system", in Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2003. 2003. IEEE.
[27] S. Nomura, et al., "A novel adaptive morphological approach for degraded character image segmentation", Pattern Recognition, vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 1961-1975, 2005.
[28] O. Ibitoye, et al., "Convolutional neural network-based license plate recognition techniques: a short overview", in 2020 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI). 2020. IEEE.
[29] T. Naito, et al., "Robust license-plate recognition method for passing vehicles under outside environment", IEEE transactions on vehicular technology, Vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 2309-2319, 2000.
[30] L. Xiaobo, L. Xiaojing, and H. Wei., "Vehicle license plate character recognition", in International Conference on Neural Networks and Signal Processing, 2003. Proceedings of the 2003. 2003. IEEE.
[31] K. Miyamoto, et al. "Vehicle license-plate recognition by image analysis", in Proceedings IECON'91: 1991 International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation. 1991. IEEE.
[32] M.-K. Kim, and Y.-B. Kwon. "Multi-font and multi-size character recognition based on the sampling and quantization of an unwrapped contour", in Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Pattern Recognition. 1996. IEEE.
[33] P. Hu, et al. "Recognition of gray character using gabor filters", in Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information Fusion. FUSION 2002.(IEEE Cat. No. 02EX5997). 2002. IEEE.
[34] J. Jiao, Q. Ye, and Q. Huang, "A configurable method for multi-style license plate recognition", Pattern Recognition, Vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 358-369, 2009.
[35] H. Khosravi, "A sliding and classifying approach towards real time Persian license plate recognition", International Journal of Engineering, Transactions A: Basics, Vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 74-80, 2015
[36] Y. LeCun, et al., "Learning algorithms for classification: A comparison on handwritten digit recognition", Neural networks: the statistical mechanics perspective,Vol. 261, no. 276, pp. 2, 1995.
[37] Avinash Madasu and Vijjini Anvesh Rao Gated Convolutional Neural Networks for Domain Adaptation Natural Language Processing and Information Systems, 21 June 2019, pp.118–130.
[38] S. Motamed., "Automatic License Plate Recognition Using Improved Deep Learning", 10.22052/SCJ.2024.253175.1163, Soft Computing Journal, 2024.
[39] H. Li., P. Wang., C. Shen., "Toward End-to-End Car License Plate Detection and Recognition with Deep Neural Networks", IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 2018, Vol. 20, pp.1126–1136.
[40] C. Henry., S. Y. Ahn., S-W. Lee., "Multinational License Plate Recognition Using Generalized Character Sequence Detection," IEEE Access 2020, Vol. 8, pp. 35185–35199.
[41] W. Wang., J. Yang., M. Chen., P. Wang., "A Light CNN for End-to-End Car License Plates Detection and Recognition", IEEE Access 2019, Vol. 7, pp. 173875–173883.
[42] I.V. Pustokhina., et al., "Automatic Vehicle License Plate Recognition Using Optimal K-Means with Convolutional Neural Network for Intelligent Transportation Systems", IEEE Access 2020, Vol. 8, pp. 92907–92917. 
[43] S.-Z. Wang., H.-J. Lee., "A Cascade Framework for a Real-Time Statistical Plate Recognition System", IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 2007, Vol. 2, pp. 267–282.
[44] C.N.E. Anagnostopoulos., et al., "A license plate-recognition algo-rithm for intelligent transportation system applications", IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 2006, Vol. 7, pp. 377–392.
[45] L. Xie., T. Ahmad., L. Jin., Y. Liu.,  S. Zhang., "A New CNN-Based Method for Multi-Directional Car License Plate Detection", IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 2018, Vol. 19, pp. 507–517.
[46] H. He., Z. Shao., J. Tan., "Recognition of Car Makes and Models from a Single Traffic-Camera Image", IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 2015, Vol. 6, pp. 3182–3192.
[47] A.M. Al-Ghaili., S. Mashohor.,A.R. Ramli., A. Ismail., "Vertical-Edge-Based Car-License-Plate Detection Method", IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 2012, Vol. 62, pp. 26–38.
[48] P. Comelli., P. Ferragina., M. Granieri., F. Stabile., "Optical recognition of motor vehicle license plates", IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 1995, Vol. 44, pp. 790–799.
[49] C. Rajkumar., S. Mahendran., "Enhanced key frame identification and background subtraction methods for automatic license plate recognition of motorcyclists without helmets", Mater. Today Proc. 2021.
[50] R.-C. Chen., "Automatic License Plate Recognition via sliding-window darknet-YOLO deep learning", Image Vis. Comput. 2019, Vol. 87, pp. 47–56.
[51] S. Alghyaline., "Real-time Jordanian license plate recognition using deep learning", J. King Saud Universi-Ty-Comput. Inf. Sci. 2020, Vol. 34, pp. 2601–2609.
[52] C. Zhang.,Q. Wang., X. Li., "V-LPDR: Towards a unified framework for license plate detection, tracking, and recognition in real-world traffic videos", Neurocomputing 2021, Vol. 449, pp. 189–206.
[53] Z. Selmi., M. Ben Halima., U. Pal., M.A. Alimi., "DELP-DAR system for license plate detection and recognition", Pattern Recognit.Lett. 2020, Vol. 29, pp. 213–223.
[54] P. Batra., et al., "A Novel Memory and Time-Efficient ALPR System Based on YOLOv5", Sensors. 11 July 2022, https://doi.org/ 10.3390/s22145283.